Retraction policy

Multiple submissions, false claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, or any major misconduct require an article to be retracted due to legal limitations of the publisher, copyright holder, or author(s), as well as infringements of professional, ethical codes like multiple submissions, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, or any major misconduct.

A retraction can address many significant errors not covered by releasing corrections on rare occasions. The Editor-in-Chief / Editorial Board, the author(s), or both parties may publish a retraction if both parties agree.

The retraction is contained in a separate item called "Retraction" in the contents. Except for a watermark on each PDF page indicating that it is "retracted," the original article remains unchanged.